Civil Aviation Act, 2009 (Act No. 13 of 2009)RegulationsCivil Aviation Regulations, 2011Part 93 : Corporate Aviation Operations and High Performance AircraftSubpart 5 : Aircraft Instruments and Equipment93.05.1 Flight, navigation and associated equipment for aircraft operated under IFR or at night |
| (1) | An aircraft may only be operated under IFR or at night if such aircraft is equipped with flight. navigation and associated equipment as follows— |
| (a) | for all large turbine-engine aeroplanes for which an individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2014, or all aeroplanes for which an individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2009, a pressure altitude reporting transponder with a capability of providing pressure-altitude information with a resolution of 25 ft or better for an aeroplane; |
| (b) | for a helicopter and large aeroplane, a single standby attitude indicator, capable of being used from either pilot's station, which— |
| (i) | is powered continuously during normal operation and, after a total failure of normal electrical generating system, is powered from a source independent of a normal electrical generating system; |
| (ii) | provides reliable operation for a minimum of 30 minutes after total failure of normal electrical generating system, taking into account other loads on an emergency power supply and operational procedures; |
| (iii) | operates independently of any other attitude indicating system; |
| (iv) | is operative automatically after total failure of normal electrical generating system; |
| (v) | is appropriately illuminated during all phases of operation: Provided that if a standby attitude instrument system is capable of being used through flight attitudes of 360° of pitch and roll, turn-and-slip indicators may be replaced by slip indicators. |
| (c) | CNS equipment as prescribed in regulations 91.05.1 and 91.05.2. |
| (2) | A CAO may not operate an aircraft in IMC, unless such aircraft is equipped with or comply with the following— |
| (a) | at least two independent electrical generating systems, each operated by separate engine and individually capable of powering all required instruments and equipment necessary for safe emergency operation of an aircraft; |
| (b) | at least two independent sources of energy, of which at least one is an engine-driven pump or generator, which are both able to drive all required gyroscopic instruments powered by or to be powered by that particular source, and installed in such a manner that failure of one instrument or source does not interfere with an energy supply to remaining instruments or other energy source, except where a rate-of-turn indicator of a single-engine aircraft involved in all-cargo operations only, has a source of energy separate from a bank and pitch and direction indicators. For the purpose of this paragraph, each engine-driven source of energy of a multi-engine aircraft must be on a different engine; |
| (c) | either airborne weather radar equipment or other equipment, approved by the Director, capable of detecting thunderstorms and other potentially hazardous weather conditions. |
| (3) | In complying with the provisions of subregulation (1)(b) it shall be clearly evident to flight crew members when such standby attitude indicator is being operated by emergency power. |
| (4) | Where a standby attitude indicator referred to in subregulation (1)(b) has its own dedicated power supply, there shall be an associated indicator, either on an instrument or instrument panel, when such power supply is in use. |
| (5) | Instruments that are used by a pilot shall be so arranged as to permit a pilot to see their indications readily from his or her station with a minimum practicable deviation from a position and line of vision normally assumed when looking forward along a flight path. |